Japan has a unique calendar system. While most of the world uses the Western calendar, Japan also relies on an era name system, known as “Gengo.”
From official documents to historical sites, understanding these era names can be a bit tricky. This guide will help you navigate Japan’s era names, understand their historical significance, and avoid any confusion during your trip.
A Brief History of Japan’s Era Names
Japan has a long tradition of using era names, dating back to the 7th century. Each era name represents the time when an emperor rules and reflects important events or hopes for that period.
In Japan, the era name (Gengo) changes when a new emperor ascends to the throne. This tradition reflects the beginning of a new era in Japanese history. The most recent change occurred in 2019 when Emperor Naruhito ascended the throne, marking the start of the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Emperor Akihito, who had presided over the Heisei era.
Era Names vs. Western Calendar: A Handy Comparison Chart
The Reiwa era started on May 1, 2019. Understanding the Reiwa era is crucial as it is widely used in official documents and everyday life in Japan.
The era name “Reiwa” is written in Japanese characters as 令和.
- 令 (Rei): While “令” generally means “command” or “order,” in this context, it carries the meanings of “good” or “beautiful.”
- 和 (Wa): “和” means “harmony,” “peace,” or “tranquility.”
Together, 令和 (Reiwa) is often interpreted as “beautiful harmony.”
| In Japanese Character | Year of Reiwa | In Western Calendar |
|---|---|---|
| 令和８年 | 8th year of Reiwa | 2026 |
| 令和７年 | 7th year of Reiwa | 2025 |
| 令和６年 | 6th year of Reiwa | 2024 |
| 令和５年 | 5th year of Reiwa | 2023 |
| 令和４年 | 4th year of Reiwa | 2022 |
| 令和３年 | 3rd year of Reiwa | 2021 |
| 令和２年 | 2nd year of Reiwa | 2020 |
| 令和元年 | 1st year of Reiwa | 2019 |
| Era Name | Start Date | End Date |
|---|---|---|
| Reiwa（令和） | May 1, 2019 | Present |
| Heisei（平成） | Jan 8, 1989 | Apr 30, 2019 |
| Showa（昭和） | Dec 25, 1926 | Jan 7, 1989 |
Common Situations Where Era Names Might Confuse You
- Historical Sites:
Gengo (era names) are often used on historical signs in Japan. Many historical sites, monuments, and markers include dates referenced in Gengo to indicate when a particular event took place or when a structure was built. - Event Announcements:
Some seasonal festivals or events may be advertised using the Gengo year. - Documentation:
Some official documents, like visas or residency applications, might use Gengo dates. Tourists may need clarification on how to fill out forms or understand dates listed in the Reiwa format.
Understanding Gengo
While the use of era names might initially seem confusing, understanding the basics can enhance your experience in Japan.